homework #8

A. Clarifying
According to Hobbes, why would people want to live under the rule of an absolute monarch?
According to Hobbes people would want to live under the rule of an absolute monarch because they would have law and order rather than a solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short life. According to Hobbes people needed a ruler to keep them from acting by self interest. He said that absolute monarch would demand order and absolute obedience and people would live greater and better lives.

SKILLBUILDER:
1. What important documents reflect the influence of Enlightenment ideas?
2. In your opinion, which are the two most important Enlightenment ideas? Support your answer with reasons.
The Enlightenment ideas influenced many important documents such as the U.S. Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Bill of Rights. In my opinion the two most important Enlightenment ideas were Woman's Equality and Freedom of thought and expression. Woman's Equality was important because it legally said that woman and men were Equal and I feel like that was a very big issue for woman in the past. I also think that Freedom of though and expression was important because it gave people the right to express their opinions freely without getting into trouble.

TERMS & NAMES 

• Enlightenment
The ideas of the Scientific Revolution that paved the way for a new movement called the Enlightenment or Age of Reason. 

• social contract
When people gave up their rights to a strong ruler and in exchange, they gained law and order.

• John Locke
A philosopher that disagreed with absolute monarchy.

• natural rights
John Locke believed that people had the right to life, liberty, and property.

• philosophe
The social critics of the Enlightenment in France.

• Voltaire
A french philosophes named François Marie Arouet that published more than 70 books of political essays, philosophy, history, fiction, and drama.

• Montesquieu
An influential French writer that devoted himself to the study of political liberty
• separation of powers
The division of powers among different branches

• Jean Jacques Rousseau
A french philosophe that was committed to individual freedom

• Mary Wollstonecraft
A woman that believed women, like men, needed education to become virtuous and useful



SYNTHESIZING
For each of the statements below, identify who said it and explain what it means. Then say how each viewpoint reflects Enlightenment ideas.
• “Power should be a check to power.”
Baron de Montesquieu said this quote. “Power should be a check to power.” meant that one Branch would check the other branches to keep a branch from gaining to much power. It was a way to keep everything balanced and equal between branches. This reflected enlightenment ideas because separation of powers kept everything in balance.

• “Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.”
Jean Jacques Rousseau said this quote. This quote meant that men lived free and equal
In the earliest times but as people became civilized the strongest among them forced everyone else to obey unjust laws. Which meant that freedom and equality were destroyed.

• “Let women share the rights and she will emulate the virtues of men.”
Mary Wollstonecraft said this quote. It meant that if you gave woman the same rights you gave men she would do the same as men