Homework # 20

1-
 * laissez faire- An economic policy of letting owners of industry and business set working conditions without interference.
 * Adam Smith- A professor at the University of Glasgow, Scotland, who defended the idea of a free economy, or free markets.
 * capitalism- An economic system in which money is invested in business ventures with the goal of making a profit.
 * utilitarianism- A philosophy in which people should judge ideas, institutions, and actions on the basis of their utility, or usefulness.
 * socialism-An economic system in which the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all.
 * Karl Marx- A German journalist who introduced the world to a radical type of socialism called Marxism.
 * communism- A form of complete socialism in which the means of production—all land, mines, factories, railroads, and businesses—would be owned by the people.
 * union- Voluntary associations which workers join to press for reform.
 * collective bargaining- Negotiations between workers and their employers.
 strike- Refusal to work.

2-
In capitalism everybody competes for more money. When Karl Marx created Marxism he wanted people to all be in one economical class. He wanted everybody to not make that much money. There was nothing that was yours, everything was shared.

3-
There were many problems faced by unions during the 1800's. One problem was that there were both skilled and unskilled workers. The problem was that the skilled and unskilled workers would go on strike. But since the skilled workers are harder to replace, the employers prayed more attention to them than the unskilled workers. Another problem was the Combination Acts of 1799 and 1800. These acts banned unions and strikes. But in order to get better working conditions, the workers continued the unions and strikes. Later the Combination Acts were removed.

4-

I think that economic factors do control the society. More money, more power. Money persuades many things. It helps in politics and many other things. I believe that in order to have power you have to have two things. One is money and the other is intelligence. If you ha
ve those 2 factors you could have absolute power of a society. Therefore I think that economic factors do dominate societies.

Homework # 20

1. TERMS & NAMES - Identify
• laissez faire- An economic policy of letting owners of industry and business set working conditions without interference.
• Adam Smith- A professor at the University of Glasgow, Scotland, who defended the idea of a free economy, or free markets.
• capitalism- An economic system in which money is invested in business ventures with the goal of making a profit.
• utilitarianism- A philosophy in which people should judge ideas, institutions, and actions on the basis of their utility, or usefulness.
• socialism-An economic system in which the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all.
• Karl Marx- A German journalist who introduced the world to a radical type of socialism called Marxism.
• communism- A form of complete socialism in which the means of production—all land, mines, factories, railroads, and businesses—would be owned by the people.
• union- Voluntary associations which workers join to press for reform.
• collective bargaining- Negotiations between workers and their employers.
• strike- Refusal to work.


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homework #8

A. Clarifying
According to Hobbes, why would people want to live under the rule of an absolute monarch?
According to Hobbes people would want to live under the rule of an absolute monarch because they would have law and order rather than a solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short life. According to Hobbes people needed a ruler to keep them from acting by self interest. He said that absolute monarch would demand order and absolute obedience and people would live greater and better lives.

SKILLBUILDER:
1. What important documents reflect the influence of Enlightenment ideas?
2. In your opinion, which are the two most important Enlightenment ideas? Support your answer with reasons.
The Enlightenment ideas influenced many important documents such as the U.S. Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Bill of Rights. In my opinion the two most important Enlightenment ideas were Woman's Equality and Freedom of thought and expression. Woman's Equality was important because it legally said that woman and men were Equal and I feel like that was a very big issue for woman in the past. I also think that Freedom of though and expression was important because it gave people the right to express their opinions freely without getting into trouble.

TERMS & NAMES 

• Enlightenment
The ideas of the Scientific Revolution that paved the way for a new movement called the Enlightenment or Age of Reason. 

• social contract
When people gave up their rights to a strong ruler and in exchange, they gained law and order.

• John Locke
A philosopher that disagreed with absolute monarchy.

• natural rights
John Locke believed that people had the right to life, liberty, and property.

• philosophe
The social critics of the Enlightenment in France.

• Voltaire
A french philosophes named François Marie Arouet that published more than 70 books of political essays, philosophy, history, fiction, and drama.

• Montesquieu
An influential French writer that devoted himself to the study of political liberty
• separation of powers
The division of powers among different branches

• Jean Jacques Rousseau
A french philosophe that was committed to individual freedom

• Mary Wollstonecraft
A woman that believed women, like men, needed education to become virtuous and useful



SYNTHESIZING
For each of the statements below, identify who said it and explain what it means. Then say how each viewpoint reflects Enlightenment ideas.
• “Power should be a check to power.”
Baron de Montesquieu said this quote. “Power should be a check to power.” meant that one Branch would check the other branches to keep a branch from gaining to much power. It was a way to keep everything balanced and equal between branches. This reflected enlightenment ideas because separation of powers kept everything in balance.

• “Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.”
Jean Jacques Rousseau said this quote. This quote meant that men lived free and equal
In the earliest times but as people became civilized the strongest among them forced everyone else to obey unjust laws. Which meant that freedom and equality were destroyed.

• “Let women share the rights and she will emulate the virtues of men.”
Mary Wollstonecraft said this quote. It meant that if you gave woman the same rights you gave men she would do the same as men

homework #5

1-
Scientific Revolution : the period of great advances in the sciences, roughly 1500-1700.
Nicolaus Copernicus : Polish astronom: er who promulgated the now accepted theory that the earth and the other planets move around the sun.
Heliocentric Theory : it was about the plants that revolve around the sun.
Johannes Kepler: German astronomer and mathematician who is considered the founder of celestial mechanics. He was first to accurately describe the elliptical orbits of Earth and the planets around the Sun and demonstrated that planets move fastest when they are closest to the Sun. He also established that a planet's distance from the Sun can be calculated if its period of revolution is known. 
Galileo Galilei : 1564–1642, Itlian physicist and astronomer.
scientific method: a method of research in which a problem is identified, relevant data are gathered, a hypothesis is formulated from these data, and the hypothesis is empirically tested.
Francis Bacon: 1561–1626,  English essayist, philosopher, and statesman.
René Descartes: 1596–1650,French philosopher and mathematician.
Isaac Newton:

Sir Isaac, 1642–1727, Engish philosopher and mathematician: formulator of the law of gravitation.

homework #4

1- The Canon Law was a law that gave the Christian church more power, more power then a king can have.

2- I believe what would happend to any person who didn't respect or better said agree with this law was "punished".

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